Sven Streit grew up in the canton of Aargau and studied medicine in Bern, Switzerland, earning his medical degree in 2008. He completed his training as a specialist in general internal medicine in the canton of Bern in 2014. In 2019, he and his wife took over a primary care practice in Konolfingen, which they operate through job sharing. They care for patients from birth to end-of-life, with a focus on keeping the patient at the center of care and providing a strong basis for decision-making in an increasingly complex medical environment.

In addition to his clinical work, Streit leads the Interprofessional Primary Care section at the Bern Institute of Primary Care Medicine (BIHAM) at the University of Bern, along with a pharmacist. He has furthered his education, earning a Master's degree in Epidemiology from the University of London, and a Ph.D. in Public Health and Primary Care from Leiden University in the Netherlands. He was appointed as an associate professor of interprofessional primary care at the University of Bern in 2020.

Streit's research focuses on patients and their medications, with a particular interest in reducing or stopping unnecessary medications, and how this can be accomplished through collaboration between physicians and pharmacists.